排列是以特定顺序排列对象的。对象的排列顺序非常重要。一组n个元素上的排列数由n!给出。例如, 有2个! = 2 * 1 = {1, 2}的2个置换, 即{1, 2}和{2, 1}和3! = 3 * 2 * 1 = {1, 2, 3}的6个排列, 即{1, 2, 3}, {1, 3, 2}, {2, 1, 3}, {2, 3, 1} , {3, 1, 2}和{3, 2, 1}。
方法1(回溯)
我们可以使用这里讨论的基于回溯的递归解决方案
方法2
这个想法是一个接一个地提取所有元素, 将它们放在第一个位置, 然后递归到其余列表。
# Python function to print permutations of a given list
def permutation(lst):
# If lst is empty then there are no permutations
if len (lst) = = 0 :
return []
# If there is only one element in lst then, only
# one permuatation is possible
if len (lst) = = 1 :
return [lst]
# Find the permutations for lst if there are
# more than 1 characters
l = [] # empty list that will store current permutation
# Iterate the input(lst) and calculate the permutation
for i in range ( len (lst)):
m = lst[i]
# Extract lst[i] or m from the list. remLst is
# remaining list
remLst = lst[:i] + lst[i + 1 :]
# Generating all permutations where m is first
# element
for p in permutation(remLst):
l.append([m] + p)
return l
# Driver program to test above function
data = list ( '123' )
for p in permutation(data):
print p
输出如下:
['1', '2', '3']
['1', '3', '2']
['2', '1', '3']
['2', '3', '1']
['3', '1', '2']
['3', '2', '1']
方法3(直接函数)
我们可以通过简单地使用itertools库中的内置置换功能来做到这一点。这是找到排列的最短技术。
from itertools import permutations
l = list (permutations( range ( 1 , 4 )))
print l
输出如下:
[(1, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2), (2, 1, 3), (2, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2), (3, 2, 1)]
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