算法题：如何在循环双链表的特定位置进行插入？

2021年4月17日18:00:48 发表评论 818 次浏览

本文概述

先决条件:

鉴于开始指向循环双链表的开始的指针, 元件和一个位置。任务是插入元件在指定的位置在给定的循环双链表中。

图片

这个想法是计算列表中元素的总数。检查指定的位置是否有效, 即位置在计数之内。

如果位置有效：

  1. 在内存中创建一个newNode。
  2. 使用临时指针遍历列表(温度)直到节点刚好在需要插入新节点的给定位置之前。
  3. 通过执行以下操作来插入新节点：
    • 分配newNode-> next = temp-> next
    • 将newNode-> prev分配为temp-> next
    • 将temp-> next分配为newNode
    • 假设(temp-> next)-> prev as newNode-> next

以下是上述想法的实现：

C++

//CPP program to convert insert an element at a specific
//position in a circular doubly linked list
  
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
  
//Doubly linked list node
struct node {
     int data;
     struct node* next;
     struct node* prev;
};
  
//Utility function to create a node in memory
struct node* getNode()
{
     return (( struct node*) malloc ( sizeof ( struct node)));
}
  
//Function to display the list
int displayList( struct node* temp)
{
     struct node* t = temp;
     if (temp == NULL)
         return 0;
     else {
         cout <<"The list is: " ;
  
         while (temp->next != t) {
             cout <<temp->data <<" " ;
             temp = temp->next;
         }
  
         cout <<temp->data <<endl;
  
         return 1;
     }
}
  
//Function to count nunmber of
//elements in the list
int countList( struct node* start)
{
     //Declare temp pointer to
     //traverse the list
     struct node* temp = start;
  
     //Variable to store the count
     int count = 0;
  
     //Iterate the list and increment the count
     while (temp->next != start) {
         temp = temp->next;
         count++;
     }
  
     //As the list is circular, increment the
     //counter at last
     count++;
  
     return count;
}
  
//Function to insert a node at a given position
//in the circular doubly linked list
bool insertAtLocation( struct node* start, int data, int loc)
{
     //Declare two pointers
     struct node *temp, *newNode;
     int i, count;
  
     //Create a new node in memory
     newNode = getNode();
  
     //Point temp to start
     temp = start;
  
     //count of total elements in the list
     count = countList(start);
  
     //If list is empty or the position is
     //not valid, return false
     if (temp == NULL || count <loc)
         return false ;
  
     else {
         //Assign the data
         newNode->data = data;
  
         //Iterate till the loc
         for (i = 1; i <loc - 1; i++) {
             temp = temp->next;
         }
  
         //See in Image, circle 1
         newNode->next = temp->next;
  
         //See in Image, Circle 2
         (temp->next)->prev = newNode;
  
         //See in Image, Circle 3
         temp->next = newNode;
  
         //See in Image, Circle 4
         newNode->prev = temp;
  
         return true ;
     }
  
     return false ;
}
  
//Function to create circular doubly linked list
//from array elements
void createList( int arr[], int n, struct node** start)
{
     //Declare newNode and temporary pointer
     struct node *newNode, *temp;
     int i;
  
     //Iterate the loop until array length
     for (i = 0; i <n; i++) {
         //Create new node
         newNode = getNode();
  
         //Assign the array data
         newNode->data = arr[i];
  
         //If it is first element
         //Put that node prev and next as start
         //as it is circular
         if (i == 0) {
             *start = newNode;
             newNode->prev = *start;
             newNode->next = *start;
         }
  
         else {
             //Find the last node
             temp = (*start)->prev;
  
             //Add the last node to make them
             //in circular fashion
             temp->next = newNode;
             newNode->next = *start;
             newNode->prev = temp;
             temp = *start;
             temp->prev = newNode;
         }
     }
}
  
//Driver Code
int main()
{
     //Array elements to create
     //circular doubly linked list
     int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
     int n = sizeof (arr) /sizeof (arr[0]);
  
     //Start Pointer
     struct node* start = NULL;
  
     //Create the List
     createList(arr, n, &start);
  
     //Display the list before insertion
     displayList(start);
  
     //Inserting 8 at 3rd position
     insertAtLocation(start, 8, 3);
  
     //Display the list after insertion
     displayList(start);
  
     return 0;
}

Java

//Java program to convert insert
//an element at a specific position
//in a circular doubly linked listing, //end and middle 
class GFG
{
  
//Doubly linked list node 
static class node 
{ 
     int data; 
     node next; 
     node prev; 
}; 
  
//Utility function to create a node in memory 
static node getNode() 
{ 
     return new node(); 
} 
  
//Function to display the list 
static int displayList( node temp) 
{ 
     node t = temp; 
     if (temp == null ) 
         return 0 ; 
     else 
     { 
         System.out.println( "The list is: " ); 
  
         while (temp.next != t) 
         { 
             System.out.print( temp.data + " " ); 
             temp = temp.next; 
         } 
  
         System.out.println( temp.data ); 
  
         return 1 ; 
     } 
} 
  
//Function to count nunmber of 
//elements in the list 
static int countList( node start) 
{ 
     //Declare temp pointer to 
     //traverse the list 
     node temp = start; 
  
     //Variable to store the count 
     int count = 0 ; 
  
     //Iterate the list and 
     //increment the count 
     while (temp.next != start) 
     { 
         temp = temp.next; 
         count++; 
     } 
  
     //As the list is circular, increment  
     //the counter at last 
     count++; 
  
     return count; 
} 
  
//Function to insert a node at 
//a given position in the
//circular doubly linked list 
static node insertAtLocation( node start, int data, int loc) 
{ 
     //Declare two pointers 
     node temp, newNode; 
     int i, count; 
  
     //Create a new node in memory 
     newNode = getNode(); 
  
     //Point temp to start 
     temp = start; 
  
     //count of total elements in the list 
     count = countList(start); 
  
     //If list is empty or the position is 
     //not valid, return false 
     if (temp == null || count <loc) 
         return start; 
  
     else
     { 
         //Assign the data 
         newNode.data = data; 
  
         //Iterate till the loc 
         for (i = 1 ; i <loc - 1 ; i++) 
         { 
             temp = temp.next; 
         } 
  
         //See in Image, circle 1 
         newNode.next = temp.next; 
  
         //See in Image, Circle 2 
         (temp.next).prev = newNode; 
  
         //See in Image, Circle 3 
         temp.next = newNode; 
  
         //See in Image, Circle 4 
         newNode.prev = temp; 
  
         return start; 
     } 
  
} 
  
//Function to create circular doubly  
//linked list from array elements 
static node createList( int arr[], int n, node start) 
{ 
     //Declare newNode and temporary pointer 
     node newNode, temp; 
     int i; 
  
     //Iterate the loop until array length 
     for (i = 0 ; i <n; i++) 
     { 
         //Create new node 
         newNode = getNode(); 
  
         //Assign the array data 
         newNode.data = arr[i]; 
  
         //If it is first element 
         //Put that node prev and next as start 
         //as it is circular 
         if (i == 0 ) 
         { 
             start = newNode; 
             newNode.prev = start; 
             newNode.next = start; 
         } 
  
         else 
         { 
             //Find the last node 
             temp = (start).prev; 
  
             //Add the last node to make them 
             //in circular fashion 
             temp.next = newNode; 
             newNode.next = start; 
             newNode.prev = temp; 
             temp = start; 
             temp.prev = newNode; 
         } 
     } 
     return start;
} 
  
//Driver Code 
public static void main(String args[])
{ 
     //Array elements to create 
     //circular doubly linked list 
     int arr[] = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 }; 
     int n = arr.length; 
  
     //Start Pointer 
     node start = null ; 
  
     //Create the List 
     start = createList(arr, n, start); 
  
     //Display the list before insertion 
     displayList(start); 
  
     //Inserting 8 at 3rd position 
     start = insertAtLocation(start, 8 , 3 ); 
  
     //Display the list after insertion 
     displayList(start); 
} 
}
  
//This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu

Python3

# Python3 program to insert an element 
# at a specific position in a 
# circular doubly linked list
  
# Node of the doubly linked list 
class Node: 
      
     def __init__( self , data): 
         self .data = data 
         self .prev = None
         self . next = None
  
# Utility function to create
# a node in memory
def getNode():
  
     return (Node( 0 ))
  
# Function to display the list
def displayList(temp):
  
     t = temp
     if (temp = = None ):
         return 0
     else :
         print ( "The list is: " , end = " " )
  
         while (temp. next ! = t): 
             print ( temp.data, end = " " )
             temp = temp. next
          
         print (temp.data )
  
         return 1
  
# Function to count nunmber of
# elements in the list
def countList( start):
  
     # Declare temp pointer to
     # traverse the list
     temp = start
  
     # Variable to store the count
     count = 0
  
     # Iterate the list and increment the count
     while (temp. next ! = start) :
         temp = temp. next
         count = count + 1
  
     # As the list is circular, increment the
     # counter at last
     count = count + 1
  
     return count
  
# Function to insert a node at a given position
# in the circular doubly linked list
def insertAtLocation(start, data, loc):
  
     # Declare two pointers
     temp = None
     newNode = None
     i = 0
     count = 0
  
     # Create a new node in memory
     newNode = getNode()
  
     # Point temp to start
     temp = start
  
     # count of total elements in the list
     count = countList(start)
  
     # If list is empty or the position is
     # not valid, return False
     if (temp = = None or count <loc):
         return start
  
     else :
          
         # Assign the data
         newNode.data = data
  
         # Iterate till the loc
         i = 1 ;
         while (i <loc - 1 ) :
             temp = temp. next
             i = i + 1
  
         # See in Image, circle 1
         newNode. next = temp. next
  
         # See in Image, Circle 2
         (temp. next ).prev = newNode
  
         # See in Image, Circle 3
         temp. next = newNode
  
         # See in Image, Circle 4
         newNode.prev = temp
  
         return start
      
     return start
  
# Function to create circular 
# doubly linked list from array elements
def createList(arr, n, start):
  
     # Declare newNode and temporary pointer
     newNode = None
     temp = None
     i = 0
  
     # Iterate the loop until array length
     while (i <n) :
          
         # Create new node
         newNode = getNode()
  
         # Assign the array data
         newNode.data = arr[i]
  
         # If it is first element
         # Put that node prev and next as start
         # as it is circular
         if (i = = 0 ) :
             start = newNode
             newNode.prev = start
             newNode. next = start
          
         else :
              
             # Find the last node
             temp = (start).prev
  
             # Add the last node to make them
             # in circular fashion
             temp. next = newNode
             newNode. next = start
             newNode.prev = temp
             temp = start
             temp.prev = newNode
         i = i + 1 ;
      
     return start
  
# Driver Code
if __name__ = = "__main__" : 
  
     # Array elements to create
     # circular doubly linked list
     arr = [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] 
     n = len (arr)
  
     # Start Pointer
     start = None
  
     # Create the List
     start = createList(arr, n, start)
  
     # Display the list before insertion
     displayList(start)
  
     # Inserting 8 at 3rd position
     start = insertAtLocation(start, 8 , 3 )
  
     # Display the list after insertion
     displayList(start)
      
# This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu

C#

//C# program to convert insert 
//an element at a specific position 
//in a circular doubly linked listing, //end and middle 
using System;
  
class GFG 
{ 
  
//Doubly linked list node 
public class node 
{ 
     public int data; 
     public node next; 
     public node prev; 
}; 
  
//Utility function to create a node in memory 
static node getNode() 
{ 
     return new node(); 
} 
  
//Function to display the list 
static int displayList( node temp) 
{ 
     node t = temp; 
     if (temp == null ) 
         return 0; 
     else
     { 
         Console.WriteLine( "The list is: " ); 
  
         while (temp.next != t) 
         { 
             Console.Write( temp.data + " " ); 
             temp = temp.next; 
         } 
  
         Console.WriteLine( temp.data ); 
  
         return 1; 
     } 
} 
  
//Function to count nunmber of 
//elements in the list 
static int countList( node start) 
{ 
     //Declare temp pointer to 
     //traverse the list 
     node temp = start; 
  
     //Variable to store the count 
     int count = 0; 
  
     //Iterate the list and 
     //increment the count 
     while (temp.next != start) 
     { 
         temp = temp.next; 
         count++; 
     } 
  
     //As the list is circular, increment 
     //the counter at last 
     count++; 
  
     return count; 
} 
  
//Function to insert a node at 
//a given position in the 
//circular doubly linked list 
static node insertAtLocation( node start, int data, int loc) 
{ 
     //Declare two pointers 
     node temp, newNode; 
     int i, count; 
  
     //Create a new node in memory 
     newNode = getNode(); 
  
     //Point temp to start 
     temp = start; 
  
     //count of total elements in the list 
     count = countList(start); 
  
     //If list is empty or the position is 
     //not valid, return false 
     if (temp == null || count <loc) 
         return start; 
  
     else
     { 
         //Assign the data 
         newNode.data = data; 
  
         //Iterate till the loc 
         for (i = 1; i <loc - 1; i++) 
         { 
             temp = temp.next; 
         } 
  
         //See in Image, circle 1 
         newNode.next = temp.next; 
  
         //See in Image, Circle 2 
         (temp.next).prev = newNode; 
  
         //See in Image, Circle 3 
         temp.next = newNode; 
  
         //See in Image, Circle 4 
         newNode.prev = temp; 
  
         return start; 
     } 
  
} 
  
//Function to create circular doubly 
//linked list from array elements 
static node createList( int []arr, int n, node start) 
{ 
     //Declare newNode and temporary pointer 
     node newNode, temp; 
     int i; 
  
     //Iterate the loop until array length 
     for (i = 0; i <n; i++) 
     { 
         //Create new node 
         newNode = getNode(); 
  
         //Assign the array data 
         newNode.data = arr[i]; 
  
         //If it is first element 
         //Put that node prev and next as start 
         //as it is circular 
         if (i == 0) 
         { 
             start = newNode; 
             newNode.prev = start; 
             newNode.next = start; 
         } 
  
         else
         { 
             //Find the last node 
             temp = (start).prev; 
  
             //Add the last node to make them 
             //in circular fashion 
             temp.next = newNode; 
             newNode.next = start; 
             newNode.prev = temp; 
             temp = start; 
             temp.prev = newNode; 
         } 
     } 
     return start; 
} 
  
//Driver Code 
public static void Main() 
{ 
     //Array elements to create 
     //circular doubly linked list 
     int []arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }; 
     int n = arr.Length; 
  
     //Start Pointer 
     node start = null ; 
  
     //Create the List 
     start = createList(arr, n, start); 
  
     //Display the list before insertion 
     displayList(start); 
  
     //Inserting 8 at 3rd position 
     start = insertAtLocation(start, 8, 3); 
  
     //Display the list after insertion 
     displayList(start); 
} 
} 
  
/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */

输出如下：

The list is: 1 2 3 4 5 6
The list is: 1 2 8 3 4 5 6

时间复杂度：O(n)=>用于计数列表, O(n)=>插入元素。因此, 总复杂度为O(n + n)= O(n)

木子山

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