UDP是一种无连接协议。客户端和服务器之间没有建立连接。讨论了创建标准UDP客户端/服务器这里
先决条件:C / CPP中的套接字编程|UDP服务器-客户端实现
在UDP中, 客户端不像TCP中那样与服务器建立连接, 而是仅发送数据报。同样, 服务器不需要接受连接, 而只是等待数据报到达。我们可以调用一个函数
connect()
在UDP中, 但不会产生与TCP中相同的结果。没有3种方式的握手。它只是检查是否有即时错误, 并存储对等方的IP地址和端口号。 connect()正在存储对等地址, 因此无需传递
服务器地址
和
服务器地址长度
争论
发送至()
.
必要功能:
int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *servaddr, socklen_t addrlen);
returns : 0 if OK -1 on error
arguments :
sockfd : File descriptor of socket to be connected.
struct sockaddr *servaddr : server address structure.
addrlen : length of server address structure.
以下是显示服务器-客户端之间的消息传输的实现:
UDP服务器代码:
// server program for udp connection
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#define PORT 5000
#define MAXLINE 1000
// Driver code
int main()
{
char buffer[100];
char *message = "Hello Client" ;
int listenfd, len;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof (servaddr));
// Create a UDP Socket
listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
// bind server address to socket descriptor
bind(listenfd, ( struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof (servaddr));
//receive the datagram
len = sizeof (cliaddr);
int n = recvfrom(listenfd, buffer, sizeof (buffer), 0, ( struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr, &len); //receive message from server
buffer[n] = '\0' ;
puts (buffer);
// send the response
sendto(listenfd, message, MAXLINE, 0, ( struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr, sizeof (cliaddr));
}
UDP客户端代码:
// udp client driver program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define PORT 5000
#define MAXLINE 1000
// Driver code
int main()
{
char buffer[100];
char *message = "Hello Server" ;
int sockfd, n;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
// clear servaddr
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof (servaddr));
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr( "127.0.0.1" );
servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
// create datagram socket
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
// connect to server
if (connect(sockfd, ( struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof (servaddr)) < 0)
{
printf ( "\n Error : Connect Failed \n" );
exit (0);
}
// request to send datagram
// no need to specify server address in sendto
// connect stores the peers IP and port
sendto(sockfd, message, MAXLINE, 0, ( struct sockaddr*)NULL, sizeof (servaddr));
// waiting for response
recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof (buffer), 0, ( struct sockaddr*)NULL, NULL);
puts (buffer);
// close the descriptor
close(sockfd);
}
输出如下: